Manufacturability
When designing mechanical parts, it should not only meet the requirements of use, that is, have the required working ability, but also meet the production requirements, otherwise it may not be manufactured, or although it can be manufactured, it is uneconomical to consume labor and materials. Under specific production conditions, if the designed mechanical parts are easy to process and the processing cost is very low, such parts are said to have good manufacturability. The basic requirements related to the manufacturability are: (1) The blank selection is reasonable. The methods of blank preparation in mechanical manufacturing include: direct use of profiles, casting, forging, stamping and welding. The selection of the blank is related to the specific production technical conditions, and generally depends on the production batch, material properties and processing possibilities. (2) The structure is simple and reasonable. When designing the structural shape of the part, it is better to use the simplest surface (such as flat surface, cylindrical surface, spiral surface) and its combination, and at the same time, try to minimize the number of processed surfaces and the smallest processing area. (3) The processing cost of parts with proper manufacturing accuracy and surface roughness is increased with the increase of accuracy, especially in the case of high accuracy, this increase is extremely significant. Therefore, when there is no sufficient basis, high precision should not be pursued. In the same way, the surface roughness of parts should also be appropriately specified according to the actual needs of the mating surface. To design parts with good manufacturability, designers must combine with process and technical staff and be good at learning from them. In addition, some basic knowledge about craftsmanship is also provided in metal technology courses and manuals for reference.
Standardization
Standardization refers to the entire process of activities whose main content is to formulate and implement standards. The research field of standardization is very broad. As far as industrial product standardization is concerned, it refers to the formulation and implementation of standards for product varieties, specifications, quality, inspection or safety and hygiene requirements. Product standardization itself includes three meanings: (1) Serialization of product varieties and specifications---dividing the main parameters, types, sizes, and basic structures of the same type of products into serialized products, with less Varieties and specifications meet the wide range of needs of users; (2) Universalization of parts and components-parts of the same type or different types of products (such as bolts, bearing seats, couplings and reducers) with similar use and structure Universal interchangeability will be realized after unification; (3) Product quality standardization-product quality is the "lifeline" of all enterprises. To ensure product quality is qualified and stable, it is necessary to do a good job in design, processing technology, assembly inspection, and even packaging, storage and transportation. Standardization. Only in this way can we be invincible in the fierce market competition. Standardization of products is of great significance: Specialized Universiade production can be implemented in manufacturing, which can improve product quality and reduce costs; in design, it can reduce design workload; in management and maintenance, it can reduce inventory and facilitate Replace damaged parts. Mechanical parts-working capacity. Mechanical parts. Various mechanical and engineering structures are composed of several components. These components must bear the effect of force when they are working. In order to ensure that the components can work normally during the specified working conditions and service life, the following requirements must be met: 1. There is sufficient strength to ensure that the components will not be damaged under the action of external forces. A prerequisite for normal work, so the strength of the component refers to the ability of the component to resist damage under the action of external force. 2. Sufficient rigidity. The deformation of the component under the action of external force should be within the allowable limit. The ability of a component to resist deformation under external force is the stiffness of the component. 3. Sufficient stability. When the axial pressure reaches a certain value, some slender rods (or thin-walled members) will lose their original balance and lose their working ability. This phenomenon is called instability. The so-called stability refers to the ability of the component to maintain the balance of the original shape. The strength, stiffness and stability of the components are related to the mechanical properties of the materials used, and the mechanical properties of the materials must be determined by experiments. In addition, there are some practical engineering problems that cannot be solved by theoretical analysis and must rely on experimental methods. In the actual engineering structure, many load-bearing components such as bridges, automobile transmission shafts, beams and columns of houses, etc., have their lengthwise dimensions far greater than their cross-sectional dimensions. This type of component is usually called As a rod, the line connecting the centroids of all cross sections of the rod is called the axis of the rod. If the axis is a straight line, it is called a straight rod; if the axis is a curve, it is called a curved rod. All rods with the same cross-sectional shape and size are called equal-section rods; the different ones are called variable-section rods. Material mechanics mainly studies straight rods with constant cross section.
